Unless - I Type
If it doesn't rain, we'll go out for a walk.
- If + Not = Unless - Unless it rains, we'll
go out for a walk.
Other Examples
If we don't run, we will be late. - Unless
we run, we'll be late.
If he doesn't wear his pullover, he'll feel
cold. - Unless he wears his pullover, he'll
feel cold.
Special Structures
0 Conditional
Students get nervous if they don't have a
morning break. (general truth)
Other Tenses
a) If you are thirsty, drink some of that
orange juice. (I type = if + present, imperative)
b) If you have finished reading, I'll turn
the light off. (I type = if + present perfect,
future)
c) If Mary and John weren't studying, we
would go to the cinema. (II type = if + past
continuous, present conditional - would +
base form)
d) If it hadn't been for him, I would be
poor now. (mixed type = if + past perfect,
present conditional)
Modals In The If Clauses
a) If you carry too many bags, you will drop
(might drop) the eggs.
b) If anyone believed my story, I would become
(could become) famous.
c) If I had taken some money with me, I would
have taken (could have taken) a taxi. |
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Other Expressions
Wish
a) Wish + Past Simple (strong wish in the
present)
I wish you were here.
b) Wish + Past Perfect (regret for the past)
I wish I had been able to help you.
c) Wish + Would (Could) Base Form (wish for
the future)
I wish you could pass your exam.
If Only
a) If Only + Past Simple (strong wish in
the present)
If only I had more money.
b) If Only + Past Perfect (regret for the
past)
If only you hadn't told Jackie what I said.
Would Rather
a) Would Rather + Past Simple (wish/preference
in the present)
We'd rather she came.
b) Would Rather + Past Perfect (regret for
the past)
We'd rather she had come.
* Attention: I'd rather go to the cinema.
We'd rather study.
Suppose
Suppose + Past Simple (present or future
meaning)
Suppose you did your homework first.
It's Time
It's Time + Past Simple (present or future
meaning)
It's time he knew the truth.
By Prof. Alessandra Potenza, © 2005, per
ClaNCla Library. |
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